This article is reprinted from Challenges.

WARNING SIGNS THAT YOUR CHILD MAY BE EXPERIENCING DISTRESS
AS A RESULT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

AGES 0-2
Demands a lot of attention
Easily startled
Cries or screams excessively
Sleep disturbances, nightmares, hard to get to sleep
Frequent health problems
Feeding/Eating problems
Excessive separation anxiety

AGES 3-5
Frequent temper tantrums
Excessive fear or anxiety
Has trouble separating from mother
Clingy
Eating problems
Cries or screams excessively
Bed wetting
Is self-abusive (biting self, pulling hair, head banging)
Overly active
Shows regression in development
Aggressive behavior
Withdrawn

AGES 6-11
Problems getting along with other children
Easily frightened
Excessive anxiety
Demands a lot of attention
Is withdrawn or depressed
Is aggressive
Has difficulty separating from mother
Attempts to protect mother from harm (Gets hurt)
Caretaking of adults (Feels responsible)
Blames mother for violence
Identifies with father
Dangerous risk-taking
Overly active
Attention problems at school, sleep disturbances
Somatic problems (headaches, stomach aches)

AGES 12 and up
Attempts to protect mother from harm
Runs away
Depression
Fights with sisters and brothers
Has difficulty in school
Teen pregnancy
Has trouble concentrating
Is easily influenced by peers
Demands a lot of attention
Alcohol and drug problems
Low self-esteem
Uses relationships to leave home quickly
Has problems with the law
Suicide
Learns to be an over-achiever
Blames mother for violence
Eating problems
Sociopathic behaviors (e.g., stealing)

WHO CAN I TALK TO?
Friends and family members whom you trust
Private therapist or counselor
Health care professional, e.g., nurse practitioner,pediatrician, ob-gyn, etc.
Advocates for battered women
Teachers
District Attorney Victim Witness Program
Confidential Hotlines
Parents Anonymous
Minister, Rabbi, Priest
Co-workers.

ARTICLES TO READ
Domestic Violence is a Children’s Issue
Child Abuse and Woman Abuse: Understanding the Connections & Designing Safe Interventions
Silent Victims: Children Who Witness Violence

STORIES TO READ WITH YOUR CHILDREN
Something’s Wrong At My House
Mommy and Daddy Are Fighting

FURTHER READING FOR PARENTS AND PROFESSIONALS
Children of Battered Women (Jaffe)
Ending the Cycle of Violence: Community Responses to Children of Battered Women (Edelson)
When Love Goes Wrong (Schecter and Jones)

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Approximately 2.7 million cases of child abuse and neglect are reported each year in the U.S. Child abuse can be divided into four basic categories: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and ritual abuse.

PHYSICAL ABUSE refers to the physical maltreatment of a child. According to a nationwide Gallup poll, 3 million children are victims of physical abuse annually.

EMOTIONAL ABUSE includes verbal or emotional assault; withholding of adequate nurturing; and close confinement or isolation. 1991, 5% of all officially reported cases of child maltreatment involved emotional abuse...

SEXUAL ABUSE encompasses sexual molestation, incest, and exploitation for prostitution or the production of pornographic materials. Approximately 1.3 million children are sexually abused each year in the U.S. Most child sexual abuse offenders are not strangers but adults the abused child knows and trusts.

RITUAL ABUSE is a newly identified category of child abuse that is composed of “the intentional physical abuse, sexual abuse or psychological abuse of a child by a person responsible for the child’s welfare, when such abuse is repeated and/or stylized and is typified by such other acts as cruelty to animals or threats of harm to the child, other persons and animals.” Of 6000 therapists surveyed in U.S., 30% reported having seen at least one case of ritual child abuse or religion-related abuse in the 1980s

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